Showing posts with label Home Inspection. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Home Inspection. Show all posts

Friday, November 27, 2015

Make sure the home inspector you hire has the knowledge and experience

Mike Holmes: Make sure the home inspector you hire has the knowledge needed to do the job right


 |  | Last Updated: Nov 21 9:54 AM ET
More from Special to National Post
The Holmes GroupThermal imaging is an non-invasive method of detecting problems that may be hiding behind walls.
    When buying, some people are tempted to skip getting a home inspection, either because they want to save some money or because they fall in love with a place. But it’s easy to make a home look good on the surface — and that could mean you’d be buying an illusion.
    If you really want to know what you’re buying, get a home inspection.
    But there are a few rules you should follow. First, hire the right inspector — a pro. Hiring the right home inspector is done in the same way you would hire the right contractor: by slowing down, doing your homework and educating yourself.
    Make sure the person has plenty of experience doing home inspections. Ideally, you want someone with at least 1,000 home inspections under their belt, and someone with a residential construction background.
    You don’t want someone who was flipping burgers six months ago, nor an accountant-by-day-home-inspector-by-night. You need a professional, and professionals live and breathe the industry. Why? Because they have to.
    Think about it. If a person is expected to be able to come into a home — any home — and point out all the major issues in just a couple of hours, they need to know what the red flags are, what to look for depending on the age of the home, its construction, the area, local weather and environmental conditions, etc.
    They also need to have a basic understanding of structure, plumbing, electrical, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), and recognize what was done five years ago, 20 years ago, 100 years ago, and what’s being done today — and how all those things can affect other areas of the home.
    It’s a lot of stuff to know.
    For example, if they’re looking at an older home, a good home inspector would know to check for knob-and-tube wiring, lead or galvanized-steel piping and vermiculite and/or asbestos.
    If the electrical is knob-and-tube, some insurance companies won’t insure the house, or will charge a much higher premium. If there’s galvanized-steel piping, it can rust and reduce water pressure — or it could even rupture. If the water-supply piping is made from lead (which is possible in older homes), it can wear down over time and it could get into your water, which we all know wouldn’t be a good thing. If there’s vermiculite insulation, it can contain asbestos, and disturbing it can create a serious health risk.
    The Holmes GroupHomebuyers should never waive a home inspection and always hire an experienced professional.
    Knowing how to inspect a home isn’t just something you can pick up and do in a few months. It takes time and experience to get it right and do it right, because if they get it wrong, it could mean hundreds of thousands of dollars in unexpected repairs — to you.
    Get your money’s worth by hiring a pro, and then ask a lot of questions.
    Educate yourself. Know what to expect during a home inspection and what to ask. I recommend walking around the house with the home inspector; that way you can ask all the questions you want to get the information you need.
    And at the end when you get the report, READ IT! Sometimes people pay to get a home inspection, and then they never read the report. That makes no sense.
    Go through it, make sure you understand everything that’s in there, and if you have any questions contact the inspector. If they suggested a more thorough followup on a specific part of the house, like the furnace or the plumbing, bring in a professional specialized in that area as soon as possible. The information they then give you could turn out to be a deal breaker on the purchase of that house.
    A home inspection gives you a snapshot of a home at the time of inspection. The goal is to minimize risk for the seller and buyer by pointing out the big problems and the major issues.
    Slow down, do your homework, educate yourself and hire a professional home inspector. Because you have to look out for yourself and protect your investment, because no one else will.
    Watch Mike in his new series, Holmes Makes It Right, on HGTV. For more information, visit makeitright.ca.

    Wednesday, July 29, 2015

    What happens during a home inspection? 驗屋會發生什麼情況?

    What happens during a home inspection?

    Written by  Melaina  Consumer Protection BC
    It’s likely that a home will be the biggest purchase you’ll ever make, which is why many consumers opt for a home inspection before they sign on the dotted line. In this blog post, we’re sharing information about the home inspection process – learn what to expect and about your rights.
    In British Columbia all home inspectors must be licensed with Consumer Protection BC and are required to follow specific laws.

    What happens before the inspection?
    When you’re picking a home inspector, do a little research first. You can ask to see their licence, call our office to check (1-888-564-9963) or use our online licensed home inspector search tool. It’s a good idea to ask the home inspector about their qualifications or background, and for a referral or two. You may want to ask family and friends for recommendations and always remember that the lowest quote isn’t always the best choice. Make sure you fully understand what’s going to be included in your home inspection before you sign the contract.

    What happens during the inspection?
    During the inspection, your home inspector will perform a visual inspection of the home based on the terms and conditions of your agreement. It’s really important to know this means there are certain limitations as to what the home inspector can see and check – a home inspection may reduce risk, but it can’t eliminate it altogether. You can ask to tag along during the inspection, but know there are no legal requirements to have your real estate agent present. The inspection will usually take a couple of hours to complete.

    What happens after the inspection? 
    After the inspection, your home inspector will provide you with a report that lists the potential deficiencies he or she noticed (remember: it’s not a pass or fail test!). Your home inspector will not provide estimates for the fixes and they will not suggest contractors to do the work (it’s a good idea to get three quotes for the repairs from independent businesses). By law, your home inspector isn’t allowed to share your home inspection report with anyone else but you (unless they have your permission to do so, it’s required by law or if there is a serious health or safety risk).

    For more information about home inspections in BC, please visit Consumer Protection BC online at www.homeinspectionrightsbc.ca.

    ADDITIONAL READING FROM CONSUMER PROTECTION BC:
    What to expect from a home inspection
    Top 5 tips if you’re buying a home
    Additional Reading from BankRate.com: 
    5 biggest home inspection mistakes

    Tuesday, October 21, 2014

    CSA Draft for Comment - A770 Home Inspection

    The CSA draft standard of of CSA A770-XX, Home Inspection is available for public review and comment before they are approved by the committee. The comment period will be expired on December 15, 2014. Please return your comments as quickly as possible, so that it can be reached to the appropriate committee for review.

    NOTE:
    The final version of CSA-A770 was approved on March 2016.
    Register for FREE to receive view-access to CSA A770, participate in related discussions and connect with industry experts.

    Thursday, March 27, 2014

    ASTTBC-PI Home Inspector



    ASTTBC certifies and registers house and property inspectors. To assist in getting the message out we have produced a VIDEO explaining the services and pointing to ASTTBC-certified inspectors as your first choice in a home inspector.
    If you or a member of your family or any of your colleagues and friends are in the process of purchasing a home and need a house inspection we recommend inspectors registered with ASTTBC.
    Hey, we also suggest you tweet it out to your followers!
    Look for a Certified Home Inspector (CHI) or Certified Property Inspector (CPI) on our WEBSITE 
    Applied Science Technologists & Technicians of British Columbia
    10767 - 148th Street, Surrey, BC V3R 0S4
    techinfo@asttbc.org | www.ASTTBC.org

    Tuesday, August 21, 2012

    買屋和驗屋相關的專業團隊及可能遇到的問題 Possible Problems When You Buying And Inspecting A House

    (Updated May 2022) 卑斯省民都知道,買屋首先要找專業的房屋經紀代表向屋主議價,再找銀行貸款,然後請驗屋師檢驗房屋,最後交由律師或公證人處理土地房屋契約,就等待約定的日期收樓搬家。
    真是這麼簡單嗎?假如按照以上程序,找專業人員替你把關,事事順利,必然萬無一失。買房屋真是可以如此簡單,但是很多時候都會有意外事件發生的(請查看末段的新聞報導),若事前少做功課,必然招致不愉快和時間金錢損失。所以應該花點時間做功課,捜集資料、閱讀有關文件、組合你的專業可靠團隊,助你解決所有可能面對的困難:

    一、驗證你的專業團隊是否足以信賴;除了親友的口碑,亦可上網查詢。

    1、首先查閱商業信譽局 (Better Business Bureau, BBB) 的評級與投訴記錄 http://bbb.org 若在過去都沒有投訴記錄、並取得A+評級的非BBB會員(not BBB Accredited)最為可靠。非BBB會員的投訴記錄是不能抹掉的,但付費會員則可以在調解後清除投訴資料。
    2、REALTOR.CA 驗證註冊房地產經紀(Realtor)名單 / 經紀的紀律處分記錄 (也可以查閱貸款和保險經紀) RATE-MY-AGENT,COM 地產經紀的客戶評分 (也可以比較貸款經紀,信用合作社)
    3、EGBC.CA 驗證專業工程師(PEng)名單 / 專業工程師的紀律處分記錄
    ASTTBC.ORG 驗證註冊工程技師(AScT)與技術員(CTech) 專業的EGBC/ASTTBC 建築工程人員再加上相關的商業樓宇檢驗訓練,便可以檢驗商業物業。
    5、consumerprotectionbc.ca 驗證註冊住宅驗屋師的牌照 / 住宅驗屋師的紀律處分記錄 
    領有執照的住宅驗屋師都有一個5位數字的牌照編號,一般字頭是4萬8萬號,雖然這些編號不分先後,但4字頭的驗屋師是2009年3月31日之前巳經執業的,而5字頭是2009年之後才申請牌照的。6字頭和7字頭則是近年才入職的新驗屋師8字頭
    6、RCABC.ORG 驗證屋頂承建商(Roof Contractor)名單 / 屋頂檢查人員(Roof Observor)名單
    7、CSAPsociety.bc.ca 驗證環境評估顧問(CSAP)
    8、AICANADA.CA 驗證物業估價師(Appraiser)
    9、ABCLS.CA 驗證土地測量師(Land Surveyor)
    10、GOV2.BC.CA 驗證合資格的河畔環評顧問(QEP)
    RAR Qualified Environmental Professional, QEP may be an Agrologist, Applied technologist or technician, professional Biologist/Engineer/Forester/Geoscientist/Forest-Technologist:
    註冊林務人員(Registered Professional Forester, RPF) abcfp.ca
    11、ASTTBC.ORG 驗證註冊廢水處理從業員(Registered Onsite Wastewater Practioners, ROWP)
    12、LAWSOCIETY.BC.CA 驗證律師 / 律師的投訴及紀律記錄
    13、SNPBC.CA 驗證法律公證人 / 法律公證人的投訴記錄 /  Complaint Form

    二、你心儀的房屋若是屬於商業物業,買賣程序會大大不同。

    1、買賣商業物業程序與住宅物業有很大分別的,原則上商業物業由商業物業經紀負責,但事實上有很多商業與住宅混淆的例子。
    2、一般通過房地產銷售網絡 (Multiple Listing Service, MLS) 登錄在 Realtor.ca 上,登在"Residential"上的是住宅,登在"Commercial"的是商業物業,但經常發現巳轉為商業地段的獨立屋仍然以住宅單位出售;或獨立屋己改建為超過四個住宅單位的出租公寓,要求住宅驗屋師驗屋,事實上法例規定住宅驗屋師只可以檢驗包含四個或以下住宅單位的獨立屋。
    3、所有商業物業,包括出租公寓、商鋪、貨倉、辦公室、工廠、酒店等等,都需要作物業狀況評估(Property Condition Assessments, PCA) 一般稱為 Commercial Inspection,美加兩國都遵循同一ASTM-E2018標準
    4、假如你打算購買的物業被歸類為商業物業,就必須向業主索取環境評估報告(Environmental Site Assessment, ESA)。隣近油站、工廠、洗衣店、地勢低窪和有地下儲油缸的地段,都可能受到汚染。若業主未能提供環評報告,就必須自行聘請專業的環境評估顧問,因調查需時,必須儘早安排避免錯過合約時間。
    5.  準備購買商業物業和經營中的生意時,首先要找一個經驗豐富的商業物業律師和會計師配合你的商業物業經紀去物色適的物業。與賣家議價時必須與律師商議各項細節並由律師準備offer文件當議價成功後,雙方律師會共同商討詳細合約內容。若沒有事前準備的話,你會發現合約細節與Offfer是完全兩樣,例如經紀只關注物業的價值,不會注意土地用途,建築物附重規限用電用水量,洗手間,廚房規劃,各項檢查報告,租客租約生意轉讓,註冊名稱牌照續約,各項預購定金如何分配,以及遣散員工等等都必須有比offer更詳盡的合約保障買賣相方的利益。


    三、儘早詳細閱讀賣方提供及向巿政府索取的有關文件;若有需要立刻向賣方查詢並咨詢專業意見。

    1、物業估價(Appraisal):出售物業的價格多由屋主和經紀人自定,或根據省政府的物業估價單或巿政府的地稅單作為參考資料。但準確的物業價值必須由專業的物業估價師評估,若申請銀行貸款,銀行便會交由估價師評估售價是否合理。若毋須貸款,買家亦要自行聘請估價師,以防買貴屋。
    2、房產披露聲明公契、 折舊報告等文件:業主和經紀必須提供詳盡的物業維修資料和况的法律文件Property Disclosure Statement(PDS),不能以業主「不在此居住」為理由而誤導接受空白/不實的PDS。若購買共管式公寓和鎮屋,管理公司會發出共管規章(公契 Strata Bylaws) 、最近兩年的業主法團會議紀錄(Strata minutes)、Form B 折舊報告(Depreciation Report)和工程檢驗顧問報告(Engineering Report) 等文件副本,由於閱讀需時,務必儘早取得所有文件。若工程顧問報告內建議的大樓維修仍未完成,不論年份多久,亦應提供副本給買家參考。年齡和出租限制都很重要。
    3、巿政附例(City Bylaws):到巿政府網站查看地理資訊系統資料(GIS)和分區附例(Zones),包括地段內供水排水系統與通道權(Right of Way) ,附近社區服務設施、古蹟䢖築 (Downtown WestEnd / Vancouver)、農業保留地(ALR)、環保地段、河畔管理區(RAR)、機場噪音影響區、以至社區犯罪率等等。Richmond GIS / Richmond Zones / Vancouver GIS Map / Vancouver Zoning / VanMap / Burnaby Zoning Map / Delta Map /
    4、巿政檔案(Municipal Record):向屋主取得授權書,便可親自到巿政府牌照部檢視房屋地段的有關文件檔案,包括建築設計圖,以了解建築面積、城市規劃用途、是否有非法僭建、未完成的許可證、大麻屋及冰毒工場等。並可以查詢是否有危險山坡、地下河道、擋土牆及山坡業權誰屬、是否古蹟文物建築、可否擴建以及未來地區發展等等。
    5、犯罪檔案(Criminal Record):到皇家騎警的網站 RCMP List of Marihuana Grow Op 查看大麻屋和毒品屋資料 。到https://www.housecreep.com/ 的網站查看謀殺房屋,大麻屋和鬼屋資料 。
    6、大麻屋(Grow Op)若不幸購入「大麻屋」,可能有房屋结構受損,非法改裝的暖氣系統丶電線和水管影響健康引致火警和漏水,種植期間遺留的農藥和肥料也會產生中毒的機會。若市政府已發出不適合居住通知, 則必須修理房屋電和暖氣系統,並經專業人員檢驗合才可入住。以後出售時必需標誌為「大麻屋」方能出售。亦要出示上述各項專業檢查的證書,所費不菲。

    四、預先處理與生態環境和公衆健康有關的問題:避免日後罰款和訴訟。

    1、水質檢驗 (Water Test) :在近郊地區房屋可能欠缺自來水供應,必須使用井水或溪水,務必要求水質檢驗,以符合加拿大飲用水標準。可以委托顧問工程師處理,或自行抽取水様本,並直接交由水質化驗所試驗,化驗所會提供相關技術說明、經消毒的樣本瓶及冷藏箱、和現埸檢驗器材。可到省環境部查詢有關水井資訊
    2、排汚系統(Sewage System):部份近郊房屋亦可能缺乏排汚系統(Onsite Wastewater System formerly known as Septic system),只可以在後園使用化糞池或先進現代科技處理汚水。自2005年開始,戶主必須聘用專家定期1-2年檢驗汚水處理系統,每2-3 年聘請專門清潔公司清理固體沉積物。查詢化糞池排汚系統法例 。或 Sewerage System Regulation: Standard Practice and Health Hazards 2017若入住人口增加,必須由專業人員重新審查原先設計是否足夠,有可能要重建或更換整個廢水系統。
    3、河畔管理區(RAR):若房屋地段座落於河溪十五公尺範圍內的河畔管理區(Riparian Management Areas, RAR),則必須要符合河畔管理區法例,防止汚染河道和影響魚類生態,有關條款可到巿政府網站查詢。
    4、生態保護區及農地保留區(ESA & ALR):若房屋地段座落於生態保護區(Environmentally Sensitive Area, ESA) 及農地保留區(Agricultural Land Reserve, ALR) 內,則必須聘用專家顧問提供土地使用申請書。可到省政府網站查詢有關在農地保留區內內的住宅使用標準
    5、地下河道(Lost Stream):由於社區發展,大溫哥華有很多河溪被填埋或隱藏於下水道,若房屋座落於這些地下河道 (Lost Streams) 上,不但建築有限制,亦容易引致地䧟和地庫滲水,可到 Vancouver Old Streams 地圖查看。https://vancouverhistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/vancouversoldstreamsprintedmap-1.pdf
    6. 自流井和含水層 (Artesian Wells and Aquifers)你若在温哥華市南面,沿著菲沙河岸地區建造帶有地庫的房屋,請留意是否有自流井和含水層的地質情况,會導致建築費加增和容易引起地庫滲漏問題,詳情請參閱温市政府網站。https://vancouver.ca/home-property-development/flooding-and-artesian-wells.aspx

    五、全新建築應該注意合約事項:包括保養與驗屋條款在內。

    1、新屋2-5-10保養(2-5-10 Warranty):若購買全新房屋或是舊屋重建,都必須要求承建商提供2-5-10新屋保證計劃(Third-party Home Warranty Program) ,可以到省政府房屋局(BC Housing)査看新屋登記冊
    2、自建房屋2-5-10保養(Owner Builders)任何人都可以親自動手建造自己家園,但自2007年開始,屋主親自建造房屋必須標簽為 Owner-built homes,在頭一年不能出售,在頭十年內轉售時必須簽署 Owner Builder Disclosure Notice,在2007年11月19日後興建房屋的戶主,從銷售完成日開始必須提供與2-5-10新屋保證計劃相同的保養,頭一年保養工料全包、五年屋頂外牆保養和十年結構保養。由於不是持有執照的承建商建造,所以日後出售可能較為困難。詳情可到 BC Housing 網站查詢
    3、律師審閱建房屋合約(Construction Contract):與承建商簽署合約前,必須聘請律師審閱內容。付款期、建築項目單價、過期罰款、由執照驗屋師驗收等條款都必須加入合約內。
    4、交樓前驗收(Final Inspection):若是購買由發展商出售的公寓和鎭屋,在完工後會安排買家作交樓前驗收,稱為交樓前檢驗(PreDelivery Inspection, PDI) ,發展商一般都不會反對買家聘請領有執照的驗屋師陪同進行PDI,但必須在合同中說明,一般都會在指定日期的一小時內完成,。
    5、交樓前維修(Defects repair):任何業主同意的維修,都必須在付款日期7天前修復,以免在搬家之後進行維修工程。

    六、搬進舊房屋前必須進行驗收、安全檢驗與裝修事項,以保障你的健康與生命安全。

    1、即日驗收(Inspection on possession day):完成買賣交收手續取得鎖匙後,必須立刻視察天花板及牆壁一遍,並開啟所有冷熱水喉及家電,看看有沒有漏水或損壞。如有問題,請即日通知經紀向屋主報告並要求修復。
    2、屋頂年檢(Annual Inspection):每年一次由合資格屋頂技工或屋頂檢查公司檢查屋頂,若屋主去年沒有檢驗屋頂,則必須由買家立刻自行付費檢驗,以確保屋頂防水。
    3、安全檢驗:必須在搬家之前由執照消防公司檢驗消防系統、由執照保安公司檢驗警鐘、電話、電視、對話系統和上網綫路等,以確保安全。
    4、冷暖氣及通風系統(Heat Recovery Ventilator, HRV) 年檢:若屋主去年沒有聘請有牌照技工檢查冷暖氣及通風系統,則必須由買家立刻自行付費檢驗,及更換空氣過濾網。若氣溫低於15C,切勿啟動冷氣空調系統。若有燒木的壁爐,必須2025年前向大溫區域局(MVRD)登記每三年免費續期,並每年由技師清潔煙囪和檢查壁爐。如果沒有登記,在任何情況下都不能使用燃木壁爐。 詳情請查看MVRD網站Bylaw No. 1303,2020
    5、警鐘系統(Alarms):必須安裝安全報警系統,地庫若有抽水系統,則必須接駁至警鐘系統,並加裝儲電池操作的後備水泵。
    6、購買房屋保險(House Insurance):所有獨立屋、鎭屋與共管公寓都要購買保險,並必須包括水險。
    7、申請裝修許可證(Building permit):當所有收屋手續辦妥後,新屋主都會稍微修改房屋、重新粉刷一新、或大興土木拆舊重建無論或大或小工程都必須到巿政府牌照部申請工程許可證並尋找有執照的承包商 https://www.technicalsafetybc.ca/public-safety/home-renovations-zh-cn
    8、含有毒物質的建築物料和地下油缸(Hazardous Materials & Underground Fuel Tank)若考慮拆掉舊屋重建新屋,必須先進行舊屋測試找出有毒物料,和聘請專家清除所有可能含有致癌和有毒物質的建築物料,以保障建築工人的健康和安全拆除地下油缸,清理可能被汚染泥土若要避免新舊材料中可能散發出有毒物質影響工作人員健康,請向工作安全局(Work Safe BC) 查詢許可證的申請程序。或下載住宅建造安全手冊 Safe Work Practices in Residential Construction或查看修復、翻新和拆除的網頁

    事實上,購買房屋是一項繁瑣工程,就算做足功課、並擁有專業可靠的夢幻團隊,亦不能保證萬無一失,祝君好運!

    相關閱讀 - Inspect BC Home Inspectors 卑斯省驗屋師資格漫談

    Related news:
    2011/09/13 Vancouver Sun - Shell Gas Stn leak: finding contaminated sites is a challenge / 

     Gas leak contaminates Kerrisdale properties
    2011/09/15 CBC News - Gas station leak contaminates Kerrisdale properties
    2011/09/15 Vancouver Sun - Shell must get innovative to clean up gas station leak: ministry
    2013/05/22 Vancouver Courier - Certificates confirm no risk to human health from Shell gas station leak 
    2014/03/06 Vancouver Sun - Hire the best home inspector possible

    Monday, November 14, 2011

    卑斯省驗屋師資格漫談 Inspect BC Home Inspectors

    自2009年3月31日卑斯省成為加拿大首個要求驗屋師申請執照的省份。但地產界與巿民至今仍然未能掌握執照驗屋師的專業資格與行業準則,故有必要藉此加以解說。

    何謂驗屋?如何分類?
    中文「驗屋」的含義似乎較為籠統、混淆不清,若先了解英文名稱便容易明白:
    1、Building Inspection 是「樓房檢驗」,一般指「房屋檢驗」,主要是檢查樓房的結構安全是否有違建築條例和安全標準。
    2、Home Inspection 是「家居檢驗」,是檢查住宅樓房的整體結構安全、設施的維修保養、 以至家庭電器的操作,是更全面的檢查。
    3、Property Inspection 是「商業物業檢驗」,又或稱為 Commercial Inspection「商業檢驗」,是檢驗商業物業或整幢公寓大廈。根據美洲物料檢驗標準ASTM E2018 ,超過4個居住單位的家居檢驗,也算為物業檢驗。

    當你找驗屋師時,就當說明是何種檢驗,否則大多是指家居檢驗(Home Inspection),並且必須向驗屋師索取他的驗屋標準(Standard of Inspection),查問清楚驗屋的範圍,避免誤會,因為發牌機構沒有規限驗屋標準,以致4家驗屋師學會或協會的驗屋標準有分別。而且少數專業驗屋師的表現遠遠高過一般協會的要求。

    驗屋師的職責與範圍?
    驗屋師在驗屋之先,都會將他們的工作範圍向要求驗屋的客戶作簡短解說,並將一份所屬學會或協會的驗屋標準交給客戶,聲明驗屋工作乃表面的檢查,亦不會提供保險保障。

    基本上驗屋範圍幾乎包括全部可見部份:包括屋頂、閣樓、外牆,門窗、陽台、地基、結構、保温、通風、供水、排水、供電、天然氣管道、熱水爐、暖氣、空調、壁爐、空氣交換機HRV、廚房、浴室、客廳、睡房、地庫、矮地庫等等。

    無論新屋舊屋,一般驗屋都不包括建築條例審查、地段地界、環境汚染歷史、地下油缸、泳池、石棉、白蟻、含鉛油漆、牆內電綫、濾水機、保安警鐘、對講機、電視、電話、消防等等。

    以下是各驗屋學會和協會的驗屋標準:
    ASTTBC-PI (formerly BCIPI) https://asttbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2016-Standards-of-Inspection.pdf
    HIABC https://hiabc.ca/about-us/scope-of-inspection/
    CanNachi http://www.cannachi.org/images/stories/pdfs/CanNachi_SOP_apr-21-10.pdf
    NHICC https://nationalhomeinspector.org/EnterHI.pdf

    如何獲取驗屋師執照?
    卑斯省自2009年立法管制驗屋師後,並不監管商業物業的檢驗工作;任何專業工程人員曾經接受物業檢驗訓練的,包括ASTM E2018 檢查方法,都可以檢驗商業物業。

    消費者保障局只負責家居驗屋師的執照申請,但訓練與審查則交由以下4個驗屋師學會、協會或機構執行:
    1、卑斯省技師與技術員學會 (ASTTBC - Applied Science Technologists and Technicians of British Columbia) 屬下的卑斯省驗屋師學會 (ASTTBC-PI British Columbia Institute of Property Inspectors - BCIPI)
    2、卑斯省驗屋師協會 (HIABC) - Home Inspectors Association BC
    3、加拿大全國家居驗屋師協會 (CanNachi - Canadian National Association of Certified Home Inspectors)
    4、加拿大全國家居驗屋師驗證局 (NHICC - National Home Inspector Certification Council)

    只要修讀認可的驗屋課程,加入上述認可學會/協會成為實習會員,然後跟隨一兩位經驗驗屋師實習一段短時間,便可申請實地驗屋考試,當考試合格成為正式會員後,便擁有檢定驗屋師(CHI - Certified Home Inspector)或 註冊驗屋師(RHI - Registered Home Inspector)的衘頭,但是仍未能執業。從實習至取得執照期間是不能充當驗屋師助手的;從事檢驗工作,電腦輸入,解答咨詢等技術性工作一概作為無牌經營論。

    取得RHI和CHI資格並有意作驗屋師助手或自行執業者,必須購買100萬錯漏保險和100萬商業責任保險,然後向消費者保障局(Consumer Protection BC)申請執照,方可執業成為家居驗屋師(Licensed Home Inspector),但此執照不能作任何商業物業驗屋。

    如何驗證專業的驗屋師?
    驗證驗屋師的牌照非常簡單,法律規定所有驗屋師名字後面都附帶牌照編號,亦要隨身帶備驗屋師證件。若有懷疑,應立刻到消費者保障局網站捜查驗屋師名單 https://www.consumerprotectionbc.ca/home-inspector-search/?#gf_51 ,如有不實,立即檢舉

    執照驗屋師良莠不齊,必須詢問親友的口碑;更不要撿便宜,收費較高者必然是學歷與經驗都與眾不同,更需要提早預約,以免失之交臂。學歷與經驗是不容易驗證的,僅在此略擧一二,容後再作專文論述:

    1、學術性與法律規管
    在發牌制度以前,卑斯省有十多間驗屋師協會,當中只有卑斯驗屋師學會(BCIPI - 2012年改稱為ASTTBC-PI )為本省學會,在卑斯省的ASTTBC Act 規管之下(2020改為Professional Governance Act),要求會員必須完成卑斯理工大學的有關課程,經過嚴謹實習訓練和多次實地考劾,成為實習會員;一年後再經過多次實地考劾,方能成為正式會員,然後參加每年多次的專業進修講座保持會籍。

    在發牌制度以後,只餘下一間學會和三間協會或機構。由於卑斯驗屋師學會保持的實習訓練和考劾模式經歷十多年的考驗證明有效另外三間協會或機構都採取比較寬鬆的一次或多次的考試制度,毋需學院學歷,因此便被發牌的消費者保障局要求改為更專業的「進修-實習-考劾-進修」的形式了。

    由於 ASTTBC-PI 十年來都專業工程人員法例規管,以嚴謹態度訓練和考劾會員,所以多次重大的驗屋師法律訴訟,受罰的驗屋師均非ASTTBC-PI 會員,由此可見正統的學院訓練和法律監管的重要性。

    2、正統專業資格
    除上述提及的三間沒有法律監管的協會外,更加要注意由它們發出的所謂資格,在驗屋師名字後面的很多衘頭,都是沒有經過國際專業驗證和毫無學術價值的。

    以下擧例一些常見的具有學術地位的專業資格:
    P Eng - Professional Engineer 專業工程師是大學工程科畢業後,在相關行業工作多年,經過實習和面試而取得的專業資格。
    AScT - Applied Science Technologist 専業技師是兩年或以上大專工程科畢業,在相關行業工作兩年,經由上司及多位專業會員推薦考試入會的專業資格。在其他省份稱為 CET - Certified Engineering Technician。
    CTech - Certified Technician 檢定技術員乃完成一年的大專工科課程,在相關行業工作實習,並獲得推薦入會的專業資格。

    具有上述專業資格加上適當的物業檢驗訓練,便可作為商業物業驗屋師。
    若欠缺上述專業 ,仍可考取ASTTBC-PI 的 CPI - Certified Property Inspector 成為商業物業驗屋師。
    若要作家居檢驗,必須向消費者保障局申請執照,方可執業成為家居驗屋師。

    ( 至於上文提及 ASTTBC-PI  CHI  HIABC  RHI ,加上CanNachi  Associate CMI - Certified Master Inspector  NHICC  NHI - National Home Inspector 都可以申請為家居驗屋師 (Licensed Home Inspector)執照,但不具有專業資格。只是一種營業執照,也不一定具有大專畢業學歷,亦不能作任何商業物業驗屋。只有P Eng, AScT, CTech專業資格。)

    3、工作經驗
    工作經驗非常重要,所以要小心分析驗屋師廣告提供的資料,先去取當中浮誇和不能量度的形容詞,再分析所述年份是實際驗屋經驗還是有關行業經驗,海外經驗還是本地經驗,實際施工經驗還是監工檢驗經驗。

    每一位領有執照的驗屋師都有一個5位數字的牌照編號,一般是4萬或5萬號,雖然這些編號不分先後,但4字頭的驗屋師是2009年3月31日之前巳經執業的,而5字頭則是2009年之後才申請牌照的,6字7字頭則是新丁。

    一般有五年以上本地驗屋經驗加上檢查細心、報告專業、和能夠提供家居及商業物業驗屋的驗屋師最為可靠。最後就是要詢問親友的口碑,更不要吝嗇驗屋費用,收費髙的必然是較為經驗豐富和口碑好的驗屋師。

    如何投訴執照驗屋師?
    當覺得驗屋服務不滿意時先查看消費者保障局網站,了解如何追討責任。
    關於執照事宜,包括無牌經營、未能出示執照証、非法收受利益、公司名稱與注冊名稱不符、洩漏驗屋報告、沒有向四大學會/協會注冊等,都可以向消費者保障局投訴。
    Consumer Protection BC
    PO Box 9244 Victoria BC V8W 9J2,
    Phone: 604.320.1667
    Toll Free: 1.888.564.9963
    Fax: 250.920.7181
    Email: info@consumerprotectionbc.ca


    關於專業守則,包括行為操守、學歷、訓練、驗屋標準等,都必須向驗屋師所屬學會/協會/機構投訴。:
    1. ASTTBC-PI (2012年稱為BCIPI)
    2. HIABC (稱為CAHPI(BC)
    4. NHICC
    如何追討責任

    假如與執照和專業守則無關,純粹是服務満意或損壞維修等問題,請勿單向維修公司和地產經紀咨詢,應該立刻致電驗屋師尋求專業意見,一般驗屋師都樂意回答或親自到現場了解情況,若是同意責任疏失,便可立刻取得賠償修理費用。
    一般驗屋師只會提供驗屋費退欵,只有 ASTTBC-PI賠欵上限提高至5萬元。如要更高賠償額則必須在驗屋前與驗屋師相討,可能要附加費用以取得提高賠欵上限的同意書。

    若果未能私下了結,可以向所屬驗屋師學會
    /協會/機構投訴,由協會派出調查員實地視察作出報告,並由協會的檢舉委員會審查及判決。

    若果還是
    満意協會的判決,可以咨詢律師,要求仲裁、或向小額錢債法院、或向高等法院尋求更大賠償,一切視乎律師意見。

    兩年前北溫哥華巿有一案例,驗屋師沒有完全根據驗屋標準以保障客戶利益,卑斯省高等法院法官判驗屋師疏失,而被罰款接近20萬元修理費。經多年訴訟後,客戶損失亦不輕,粗略估計經三年訴訟的律師費必不在3萬元以下,加拿大法律是不可以追回律師費和要求懲罰性賠償金的,所以避免更大損失,切勿輕易訴諸法院處理。

    避免驗屋後不必要的責任追究,必須在事前多做一些準備,聘請經驗豐富和口碑極佳的驗屋師方為上策。如何判別新進驗屋師非常簡單:每一位領有執照的驗屋師都有一個5位數字的牌照編號,一般是4萬或5萬號,雖然這些編號不分先後,但4字頭的驗屋師是2009331日前巳經執業的,而5字頭則是2009年後才申請牌照的,6字7字頭則是新丁。
    2010/05/18 CTV News - Home inspection nightmare
    2010/05/19 CTV News - Home inspection compensation
    2013/04/09 CBC News - B.C. couple 'tricked' into buying unlivable house
    2014/03/06 Vancouver Sun - Hire the best home inspector possible

    Saturday, March 6, 2010

    Don't Know Much About a Home Inspection? 不很了解房屋檢驗嗎?

    Here are 6 Helpful Facts from Home Inspection News & Articles...
    Fact #1 - A home inspector will pinpoint any current or potential problems, but will not fix them.
    驗屋師將針對任何現有或潛在的問題,但不會解決這些問題。
    A home inspector will never fix any problems in a home. The inspector's only job is to diagnose any existing or potential problems and provide the buyers with a written report about those problems. Of course, the buyer can use this as a negotiation tool with the sellers, but shouldn't expect any repairs to be made by the home inspector.

    Fact #2 - The home inspection will address only structural issues, not cosmetic ones.
    房屋檢驗有助解決房屋結構性問題,而不是表面的裝修。
    When it comes to scrapes and scratches, buyers are on their own. These are considered cosmetic issues and not included with the home inspection. Offbeat paint colours, nicks in the wall and stained carpet, while visually unappealing, have nothing to do with the condition of the home.

    Fact #3 - It is unethical for a seller to conceal any problems within the house.
    若賣方隱瞞任何房子內的問題是不道德的。
    Real estate professionals advise sellers not to try to conceal problems with the house. The ethical and legal thing is for them to let the buyer know about any structural problems. Plus, a home inspector will most likely uncover these problems when the inspection is done.

    Fact #4 - Sellers should fix any major problems before a home inspection.
    賣方應該在驗屋前修妥任何重大問題。
    It is often a good idea for home sellers to fix any major problems before a house is put on the market. If they're left incomplete, it can lead to a negative home inspection and mean losing money on the home sale.

    Fact #5 - The home inspection may not cover everything.
    房屋檢驗不可能面面俱到。
    The scope and size of the home inspection depend on the type of contract the buyer has with the seller. A typical home inspection includes the structural, mechanical, electrical and plumbing aspects of a house. There may be extra services provided as well, such as radon testing or mould detection.

    Fact #6 - Everything should work as it was intended - everything doesn't have to be new and of the latest technology.
    房屋與設施都應該操作正常 - 但都不必是全新和最新科技。
    Inspection is to make sure that everything is in working order and doesn't require repairs. Of course, a home buyer would like everything new and up-to-date, but that isn't within the scope of a home inspector's job. The house just needs to be in sound condition and the age is not relevant unless the home is 100+ years old.